ECDSA + ML-DSA on Blockchain
Journal article in ULTIMATICS (SINTA 3) presenting a hybrid ECDSA and ML-DSA signature scheme for transaction authentication on an Ethereum-compatible blockchain, with an oracle as off-chain helper and security tests rejecting forgery, replay, and stripping.
Peer-reviewed journal article published in ULTIMATICS: Jurnal Teknik Informatika (SINTA 3), June 2026.
The paper
Presents a proof-of-concept hybrid ECDSA + ML-DSA signature scheme for transaction authentication on an Ethereum-compatible blockchain, using an oracle as off-chain helper.
Results
Tested on a Foundry Anvil private network:
- ML-DSA signatures: 2,531 - 4,738 bytes, round-trip time 0.355 - 0.523 ms, estimated gas 64,260 - 99,344, versus ECDSA at 65 bytes and 25,828 gas.
- Security tests rejected signature stripping, message manipulation, replay, signature forgery, and invalid TLV formats.